一、引言近二十年来 ,第二语言学习(SLL)研究的重点已从专门寻求最佳教学法转移到多变量的研究上。研究者开始发现 ,学习一门语言是一种多方位的工程 ,涉及到心理因素、社会因素、学习策略和学习过程 ,其中最为突出的有学习过程、学习者的认知、情感特征 ,以及(语言和社会文化 I. INTRODUCTION Over the past two decades, the focus of SLL research has shifted from the search for optimal pedagogy to multivariate research. Researchers began to find that learning a language is a multi-faceted project that involves psychological factors, social factors, learning strategies, and learning processes. The most prominent ones are the learning process, learners’ cognitive and emotional characteristics, and Language and social culture