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针对云南高原粳稻区优质米育种面临海拔高、夏季雨水多、气温低,特别是灌浆期气温不足等难点,开展了特色粳型软米(香软米)育种。文章对云南近年选育的粳型软米(香软米)品种进行了产量和品质特性分析。软米和粳米在碾磨品质指标上没有差异,差异主要表现在理化指标上,软米的直链淀粉含量极显著低于粳米,蛋白质含量和胶稠度极显著高于粳米,碱消值差异不显著。软米味度值显著高于粳米。软米的RVA淀粉谱特性优于粳米,表现出最高黏度较高,最低黏度较低,崩解值较高,最终黏度较低,消减值较低,到达最高黏度时间较短,两者存在显著和极显著差异。产量及其构成因子分析表明,产量与高产对照品种比还有一定差距,影响产量提高的因子是分蘖弱、穗总粒数少和千粒重偏低。针对试验结果,对改良云南粳型软米品质和产量途径进行了探讨。
Aiming at the difficulty that the high-quality rice breeding in japonica rice area of Yunnan Plateau faced with such problems as high altitude, heavy rain in summer, low temperature, especially lack of temperature during filling stage, the breeding of characteristic japonica soft rice (sweet and soft rice) was carried out. In this paper, the yield and quality characteristics of japonica soft rice (sweet and soft rice) bred in Yunnan in recent years were analyzed. There was no difference in milling quality between soft rice and japonica rice. The difference mainly reflected in the physical and chemical indexes. The amylose content in soft rice was significantly lower than that in japonica rice. The protein content and gel consistency were significantly higher than those in japonica rice. Significant. Soft rice taste value was significantly higher than japonica rice. The RVA starch spectrum of soft rice was better than that of japonica rice, showing the highest high viscosity, the lowest low viscosity, the high disintegration value, the low final viscosity, the low value and the shortest time to reach the highest viscosity, both of which existed Significant and very significant differences. Analysis of yield and its components showed that there was still a certain gap between yield and high-yielding control varieties. The factors affecting the yield increase were weak tillering, less total spikelets per panicle and lower 1000-grain weight. According to the experimental results, the ways to improve the quality and yield of Yunnan japonica soft rice were discussed.