苏联自1918年建立全国性的卫生领导机构——人民保健委员会(即今天的保健部)——统一领导国家卫生保健事业以后,结束了紊乱和涣散状态。在卫生保健系统逐步形成了普及免费的医疗制度(医疗、急救、住院期间治疗、用药、伙食均免费。门诊用药低价收费),并由国家集中管理和统一计划的领导体制,六十多年来这种体制基本上没有发生变化。人口状况 Since 1918, the Soviet Union established the National Health Leadership Organization, the People’s Health Committee (now the Ministry of Health), and unified the leadership of the national health care industry, ending the state of disorder and dispersal. In the health care system, a universal free medical system (medical treatment, first aid, in-hospital treatment, medication, and meals are provided free of charge. Outpatient drug use is available at a low price) has been gradually established, and the country has centralized management and unified planning. The leadership system has been in place for more than 60 years. There has been no fundamental change in this system. Population status