一、问题的提出如同人类社会逐步由低级向高级过渡一样,人类的生产活动也经历了由农耕文明向传统工业文明再向现代生态文明的转变。在农耕文明时期,先人依靠人力、畜力、铁制农具,在耕地、山林、草泽和水资源许可的范围内,日出而作,生息繁衍,谋划和操持着自己的生产和生活,并尽可能地把人类活动的有机废弃物回归大地和自然,形成了一种独特的、自我调节的和可持续发展的自然经济型态。尽管农耕文明经历了数千年,其间也有刀耕火种、放火烧荒等落后生产方式对自然 First, the issue put forward Just as human society gradually shifted from the lower to the advanced one, human production activities have also experienced a shift from a farming civilization to a traditional industrial civilization to a modern ecological civilization. In the period of agricultural civilization, the ancestors relied on manpower, animal power and iron tools to make sunrise and flourish in the fields of cultivated land, forests, grasslands and water resources, plan and control their own production and life, It is possible to return the organic waste of human activities to the earth and nature, forming a unique, self-regulating and sustainable natural economy. Although farming civilization has experienced thousands of years, during which there are also slash-and-burn, arson and other backward production methods to nature