近年来，我国神经内科住院医师规范化培训在全国范围实行，而神经内科的专科医师培训仅在少数地区展开。本文就澳大利亚与我国对神经内科专科医师培训做了详细的描述，分析了培训过程以及考核机制的异同，并建议按层分配师资、均质化培训以及碎片化考核，以期改进我国现有的神经内科专科医师培训体系，为培养出更多优秀的神经内科专科医师提供思路。“,”The standardized resident training for neurologists in China is implemented in recent years, however, the training programs for neurology-specialist only established in very few provinces.This review provides a detailed description for the educational and training program of the neurologist in China and Australia.Comparisons are made between the training processes and the exam pathways.These comparisons may provide insights to improve the system for our neurology-specialist training with improving stratifying teaching resource, homogenous training system and fragmentary assessment, and thus contribute to training more qualified and outstanding neurologists in the future.