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WTO关于技术性贸易壁垒的协定以国际标准为标尺协调成员的技术法规,从而确定了WTO与标准化组织关于标准制定的“委托—代理”关系。由于这一“委托—代理”机制规定存在的诸多模糊之处,技术性贸易壁垒协定对成员的实质性约束有限。导致模糊规定的内在原因是成员方对管制主权的坚守。WTO争端解决机构对模糊规定的澄清增加了规则的可执行性,但也引起成员方对其“越权”的担忧。为此,成员方可能在贸易纠纷中回避争端解决机构而寻求双边解决方案。
The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade coordinates the technical regulations of members with the international standards as the yardstick and thus defines the WTO’s “entrust-agent” relationship with the standardization organizations. Due to the ambiguities existing in this “commission-agency” mechanism, the TBT agreements have limited substantive constraints on members. The underlying cause of vague provisions is the adherence of member states to regulatory sovereignty. The clarification of ambiguity provisions by the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism has increased the enforceability of the rules, but it has also aroused fears on its members over its “ultra vires.” To this end, member parties may seek a bilateral solution by avoiding dispute settlement agencies in trade disputes.