目的:讨论脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)发病机制,以提高对本病的认识。方法:对22例因交通事故等所致DAI病人进行头颅CT扫描。结果:本组22例病人中表现为大脑皮、髓质交界处、胼胝体、脑干及双侧脑室周围斑点状出血灶。死亡14例,植物生存4人,重残3人,轻残1人。结论:CT与MRI均不能直接显示轴索本身的病变,只能借助一些间接征象判断DAI,因此具有一定的局限性。CT对急性血肿十分敏感,且为外伤后的首选检查方法,对于DAI病人早期进行CT扫描,能够为临床提供可靠诊断依据,降低病人死亡率。 Objective: To discuss the pathogenesis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in order to improve the understanding of this disease. Methods: Twenty-two patients with DAI due to traffic accidents were scanned by CT. Results: The group of 22 patients showed cerebral cortex, medulla junction, corpus callosum, brainstem and bilateral ventricular focal hemorrhage around the foci. 14 deaths, 4 plants, 3 severely disabled and 1 disabled. Conclusion: CT and MRI can not directly show the axonal disease itself, only through some indirect signs to determine the DAI, it has some limitations. CT is very sensitive to acute hematoma, and is the preferred method of post-traumatic examination, early CT scan of DAI patients, can provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis, reduce patient mortality.