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目的了解和掌握1956年~2005年以来发定传染病病谱变化规律。方法采用时间序列研究方法对信阳市浉河区50年(1956年~2006年)来传染病病谱进行分析。结果50年间传染病病谱发生变化,总发病率呈下降趋势,尤其是计免相关传染病下降更甚。由1954年~1965年发病率8918.32/10万,比后4个时期分别下降:13.46%(1966年~1975年,7717.63/10万),88.99%(1976年~1985年,982.34/10万),96.61%(1986-1995年,302.37/10万)和97.58%(1996年~2005年,215.45%)。计免相关病从1956年~1965年发病率1427.20/10万,降至1996年~2005年的7.75/10万,与前相比,分别下降67.67%,93.54%,99.26%和99.46%。传染病分类构成:1956年~1965年发病率排序为呼吸道病占居第一位(流脑和麻疹),1966年~1975年呼吸道疾病退居第三位,虫媒疾病(疟疾)升至第一位,1976年~1985年虫媒传播疾病(疟疾)仍居榜首,其他两类居第二、三位,1986年~1995年呼吸道疾病大幅度下降,反而肠道传染病又开始升高居第一位,经血和性传播疾病发病率跃居第二位。1996年~2005年经血与性传播病中增加艾滋病及其感染报告病种,肺结核病1997年开始报告,排序中居第一、二位。自然病源及虫媒传播疾病、肠道传染病居第三、四位。结论防治策略应与时俱进,根据不同时期传染病流行特点,坚持突出重点,综合防治,长期斗争,反复落实,常抓不懈,持之以恒。
Objective To understand and master the regularity of the change of epidemic spectrum of infectious diseases since 1956 ~ 2005. Methods Time series method was used to analyze the epidemic spectrum of infectious diseases in Bahe District of Xinyang City in the past 50 years (1956 ~ 2006). Results The disease spectrum of infectious diseases changed during the past 50 years, and the overall incidence rate showed a downward trend, especially the decrease of related infectious diseases. From 1954 to 1965, the incidence was 8918.32 / 100 000, down from the latter four periods respectively: 13.46% (1917-1975, 7717.63 / 100000), 88.99% (1976-2859, 982.34 / 100000) , 96.61% (302.37 / 100,000 in 1986-1995) and 97.58% (1996 to 2005, 215.45%). The incidence of disease-free diseases was 1427.20 / 100 000 from 1956 to 1965, down to 7.75 / 100 000 from 1996 to 2005, decreasing by 67.67%, 93.54%, 99.26% and 99.46% respectively compared with that before. Classification of infectious diseases: 1956 to 1965, the incidence of respiratory tract diseases ranked first (mecimolar and measles), respiratory diseases in 1966 to 1975 relegated to third place, insect-borne diseases (malaria) rose to One, from 1976 to 1985, the first case of vector-borne diseases (malaria) remained at the top of the list, while the other two categories ranked the second and third places with a sharp drop in respiratory diseases from 1986 to 1995. On the contrary, intestinal infectious diseases began to rise again One, the incidence of menstrual blood and sexually transmitted diseases ranks second. Between 1996 and 2005, AIDS and its reported infectious diseases were increased in menstrual and sexually transmitted diseases, and tuberculosis began to be reported in 1997, ranking first and second place. Natural disease and insect-borne diseases, gut infectious diseases ranked third and fourth. Conclusion The strategy of prevention and treatment should keep pace with the times. According to the epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases in different periods, we should stick to the focal point, comprehensive prevention and control, long-term struggle, repeatedly implement, and persevere in perseverance and perseverance.