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在当前关于文艺的意识形态性质的论争中,我以为应该区分两种情况:一种情况是极力鼓吹文艺的非意识形态化,主张文艺与意识形态脱钩,企图从根本上否定和推翻马克思主义的意识形态理论,另一种情况是并不从根本上否定马克思主义的意识形态理论,有的同志甚至还肯定马克思主义关于意识形态的学说“是对文艺学的巨大奉献”。但是,他们认为把文艺看作是意识形态的观念有明显的片面性,有漏洞与理论空隙。于是,他们提出了一些不完全相同的修正观念。如,栾昌大同志认为文艺从总体上看属于社会意识形式,只有一部分属于社会意识形态;而属于社会意识形态的作品,“也有意识形态性和超意识形态性”。董学文同志认为文艺具有非意识形态性,“是意识形态和非意识形态的集合体。”这些同志的观点,我认为并不正确和全面。但是在他们的文章中,确实提出了一些值得进一步讨论的问题。诸如,究竟什么是意识形态,意识形态的范围和构成因素问题,意识形态形成的方式问题,文艺作为一种意识形态的特点以及文艺阶级性的复杂性等问题。深入地讨论这些问题,对于马克思主义文艺学的发展是很有必要的。本文针对讨论中涉及的一些问题,发表自己的一些看法,目的是希望能推动对问题的深入讨论。
In the current debate on the ideological nature of literature and art, I think we should distinguish between two situations: one is that we strongly advocate the non-ideologicalization of literature and art, advocate the decoupling between literature and art and ideology, and attempt to basically negate and overthrow Marxism In the other case, ideological theory does not fundamentally deny the Marxist theory of ideology. Some comrades even affirm that Marxist doctrine on ideology is “a tremendous contribution to the study of literature and art.” However, they considered the notion of literature and art as ideology as obvious one-sidedness, with loopholes and theoretical gaps. As a result, they put forward some not entirely identical concepts of revision. For example, according to Luan Chang, literature and art generally belong to the category of social consciousness, and only part of them belongs to social ideology. Works belonging to social ideology also have “ideological and super-ideological forms.” Comrade Dong Xuewen considered literature and art as non-ideological and “an assembly of ideology and non-ideology.” I think these comrades are not correct and comprehensive. However, in their essay, there are indeed some issues that deserve further discussion. Such as the question of what is ideology, the scope and composition of ideology, the way in which ideology is formed, the characteristics of literature and art as an ideology, and the complexity of literary and artistic class. To discuss these issues in depth is necessary for the development of Marxist literature and art. This article addresses some of the issues involved in the discussion, made some of my own views, the purpose is to hope to promote further discussion of the issue.