目的调查2001-2010年义乌市鼠疫历史疫区宿主和媒介情况,为义乌市鼠疫预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用笼捕法,在义乌市监测点捕获鼠类,乙醚麻醉后收集蚤类,取鼠肝、脾进行分离培养或PCR检测,采集鼠血清用放射免疫试验或间接血凝试验进行血清学检测,分别计算鼠捕获率、染蚤率、蚤指数等,并用SPSS16.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 2001-2010年义乌市鼠平均捕获率室内为1.06%,野外为1.23%;家鼠以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠为主,野鼠以黑腹绒鼠和黑线姬鼠为主;鼠类平均染蚤率为1.52%,平均蚤指数为0.032;分离培养7012份鼠标本和169份蚤类标本,均为阴性;血清学监测6884份标本,4份阳性。结论义乌市鼠疫宿主和媒介构成稳定,密度较低,但应加强对血清学阳性的研究,提高对输入病例的警惕性。 Objective To investigate the situation of hosts and vectors in the historic epidemic area of ​​plague in Yiwu from 2001 to 2010, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague in Yiwu. Methods The method of cage catching was used to capture the rodents in Yiwu monitoring sites. The fleas were harvested after being anesthetized with diethyl ether, isolated from the liver and spleen of rats, and detected by PCR. Serum samples were collected for serological detection by radioimmunoassay or indirect hemagglutination , Respectively, the rat capture rate, flea infection rate, flea index, etc., and SPSS16.0 software for statistical analysis of the data. Results The average capture rate of Yiwu rats in 2001-2010 was 1.06% indoors and 1.23% in the wild, while that of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus was dominant in the house mice and mainly in the black and white rats, The average rate of flea infection was 1.52% and the mean flea index was 0.032. Seventy-two pups and 169 fleas were isolated and cultured, all of which were negative. Serological surveillance of 6,884 specimens was positive. Conclusion The plague hosts and vectors in Yiwu are stable and have low density. However, studies on seropositivity should be strengthened to raise the vigilance of the imported cases.