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自1978年至今,中国经济的快速增长和结构性改革已经改变了其福利制度的经济和社会基础。流动性的劳动力、市场经济和对“使用者负担原则”的更大依赖,使昔日有着固定岗位的劳动人口变得无足轻重。因此,构建新的社会保障体系对于在下一个经济发展阶段平衡和维系中国的经济增长变得至关重要。本文首先将对这些原因进行回顾,随后集中研究老年退休收入,探讨模式的选择、政策的演化以及该体系运行的现状。本文的结尾将给出一些值得汲取的教训并对未来发展将面临的挑战作若干论述。
Since 1978, China’s rapid economic growth and structural reforms have changed the economic and social foundation of its welfare system. The liquid labor force, the market economy and the greater reliance on the “user-burden principle” have rendered the formerly employed labor force a marginal one. Therefore, building a new social security system is crucial for balancing and sustaining China’s economic growth in the next stage of economic development. This article will first review these reasons, then focus on the elderly retirement income, to explore the choice of model, the evolution of the policy and the status of the operation of the system. The conclusion of this article will give some lessons to be learned and give some comments on the challenges that future development will face.