十六国北朝时期是莫高窟营建的第一个阶段,据考古学家的分期研究,现存石窟主要分为四期:(1)十六国的北凉(401-439);(2)北魏(439-534);(3)西魏(535-556);(4)北周(557-581)。其中的年代与实际朝代更替有些差别,主要是以敦煌本地的实际情况来定的。北凉的石窟艺术一、洞窟形制北凉的三个洞窟中,第268窟是禅窟,第272窟平面为方形,窟顶近似覆斗顶,第275窟则是纵长方形盝顶窟。除功用目的不同外,可能在开凿时代上存在一点差异,但此三窟为敦煌石 According to the staging of archeologists, the existing caves are mainly divided into four periods: (1) North Liang (401-439) in 16 countries; (2) Northern Wei Dynasty (439-534); (3) Western Wei Dynasty (535-556); (4) Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-581). Some of the differences between the era and the actual dynastic change, mainly based on the actual situation in Dunhuang. North cool grotto art First, the cave shape North Cave three cave, the 268th cave is a Zen cave, the 272th cave plane is square, the top of the cavern is similar to the top of the bucket, while the 275th cave is a vertical rectangular top cave. In addition to the purpose of different purposes, there may be some difference in cutting the age, but the three caves for the Dunhuang Stone