黔南布依族苗族自治州是一个以布衣、苗、汉、水等为主的多民族聚居的自治州,农业开发历史较晚,大部份耕地施用粪肥的历史仅有一千多年。 解放前,在封建统治和民族歧视压迫下,黔南各族人民长期过着“糠菜半年粮”的贫困生活,无力改造自然,发展生产。基本上是“赶山吃饭”、“种卫生田”,以土壤的自养能力维持最低水平生产,耕作粗放,更谈不上合理施肥,粮食平均亩产才50多公斤。在经济较发达的北部地区、铁路沿线及主要城镇、近村寨的耕地年亩施有机肥也不过500～1000公斤,远离村寨的耕地大多不施肥或只施少量有机肥,作物产量也不高。粮食平均亩产150～200公 Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is a multi-ethnic autonomous prefecture with common people mainly consisting of commoner, Miao, Han and water. The history of agricultural development was relatively late. Most of the cultivated land used manure only for a thousand years. Before the liberation, under the oppression of feudalism and ethnic discrimination, the people of all ethnic groups in southern Guizhou lived a long period of poverty living “half a year’s grain bran meal” and were unable to transform nature and develop their production. Basically “catch the mountain meal”, “kind of health field” to the soil self-sustaining ability to maintain the minimum level of production, extensive farming, let alone rational fertilization, the average grain yield of more than 50 kilograms. In the economically developed northern region, there are only 500-1000 kilograms of organic fertilizer per mu of arable land in the nearby villages along the railway lines and in major towns and villages. Most cultivated land far away from the villages is fertilized or only a small amount of organic fertilizer is used, and the crop yield is not high. The average grain yield 150 ~ 200 public