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目的:对岭南民间草药尖尾芋和海芋进行基原鉴别和地上部分显微构造的研究。方法:采用经典分类学方法进行基原鉴别,以石蜡切片法观察叶片、叶柄组织结构,以水合氯醛透化法观察药材粉末特征,对二者地上部分的形态构造进行比较鉴别。结果:尖尾芋和海芋均为两面叶,栅栏组织均通过主脉,主脉维管束有限外韧型,多数、散生;叶柄散在有限外韧型维管束及气腔;气孔短平列型;含草酸钙簇晶和针晶。主要区别点在于尖尾芋靠近根茎的带叶鞘叶柄中部维管束外侧无木化纤维,簇晶大多分布在靠近表皮下方的皮层细胞里,海芋靠近根茎的带叶鞘叶柄中部维管束外侧有木化纤维,簇晶大多分布在靠近气腔边缘处。结论:带叶鞘叶柄中纤维类型、气孔轴式、草酸钙结晶类型与分布可作为尖尾芋和海芋的主要鉴别特征,用于其质量标准的制定。
OBJECTIVE: To study the basis identification and the microstructure of the aerial parts of Lingyin folk herbs Ceratoides and Arum. Methods: The taxonomic method was used to identify the basal plate. The structure of leaves and petioles was observed by paraffin section method. The characteristics of medicinal powder were observed by chloral hydrate permeation method. The morphological structure of the aerial parts of the two cultivars were compared and identified. The results showed that both the cotyledon and the almond were two-sided leaves. The palisade tissues all passed the main veins. The main vascular bundles were of limited external toughness, majority and scattered. The petiole was scattered in the limited external tough vascular bundles and air cavities. Type; containing calcium oxalate cluster and needle crystal. The main difference is that the root sheath of the cuttage sheath near the rhizome is free of wood fiber outside the vascular bundle in the middle of the petiole. The clusters are mostly distributed in the cortical cells near the epidermis. Fibers, clusters are mostly distributed near the edge of the air chamber. CONCLUSION: The fiber type, stomatal axis and the type and distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in the petiole with sheath sheath can be used as the main distinguishing characteristics of Taro taro and Alocasia so as to formulate their quality standards.