苦荬菜又名苦麻菜、凉麻、鹅菜、山莴苣等。原产亚洲,为野生植物,经过多年驯化选育,现已成为广泛栽培的饲料作物之一。我国广东、广西、湖南、湖北、四川、江苏、浙江、安徽、河北、山东、山西、吉林、黑龙江等省(自治区)广泛种植。 一、植物学特征 为菊科一年生或越年生草本植物。直根系,主根粗大,呈纺锤形,其上着生大量侧根和支根,入土达1.5米,侧根斜伸半径也在1.5米以上,但根系多集中在O～30厘米土层中。株高1.5～3.0米,最高达3.6米,茎直立,粗1～3厘米,多分枝,全株含白色或黄 Bitter seaweed aka bitter, chilli, goose, mountain lettuce and so on. Originated in Asia, is a wild plant, after years of domestication and breeding, has now become one of the widely cultivated forage crops. China’s Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces (autonomous regions) are widely planted. First, the botanical characteristics of Compositae annual or annual herb. Straight roots, the main root is coarse, was spindle-shaped, with a large number of lateral roots and roots, into the soil up to 1.5 meters, lateral root oblique radius of 1.5 meters above, but the roots are concentrated in the O ~ 30 cm soil layer. Plant height of 1.5 to 3.0 meters, up to 3.6 meters, stems erect, 1 to 3 cm thick, many branches, the whole plant with white or yellow