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利用32个高粱(Sorghum bicolorL.)核基因组多态性SSR(simple sequencere peats)位点,以69份国外品种为对照,对12个地区的184份中国高粱地方品种进行了遗传多样性分析。研究结果表明,中国高粱的遗传多样性明显低于国外高粱。中国高粱和国外高粱的等位基因丰度(Rs)和基因多样性(He)分别为9.81、0.629和11.52、0.745。中国高粱的遗传多样性明显低于东非(He=0.732)、北美(He=0.707)和南亚(He=0.712)高粱,与南非高粱相当(He=0.609)。不同地区中国高粱地方品种遗传变异水平存在明显差异,12个地区高粱种质等位基因丰度在3.64~4.88之间,基因多样性值在0.517~0.714之间。吉林高粱地方品种遗传变异最为丰富(He=0.714),与北美、南亚高粱相当。中国高粱与国外高粱之间遗传分化明显,而中国高粱地方品种地区间和类型间分化极弱。主成分分析(PCA)能够明显区分中外高粱种质但不能将中国高粱按地区或类型分开。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,中外高粱间的遗传变异占全部参试材料遗传变异的20.43%。中国高粱遗传变异主要存在于地区内材料间(占总变异91.94%)或生态区内材料间(占总变异94.97%)。在品种类型方面,中国高粱绝大部分遗传变异存在于穗型内材料间(占总变异97.93%)。本研究支持中国高粱外来说的观点。
Genetic diversity was analyzed in 184 Chinese sorghum cultivars in 12 regions by using simple sequence loci (SSR) of 32 Sorghum bicolor L. nuclear genomes with 69 foreign cultivars as control. The results showed that the genetic diversity of Chinese sorghum was significantly lower than that of foreign sorghum. The allele abundance (Rs) and genetic diversity (He) of Chinese sorghum and foreign sorghum were 9.81, 0.629 and 11.52, 0.745, respectively. The genetic diversity of sorghum in China was significantly lower than that in East Africa (He = 0.732), North America (He = 0.707) and South Asia (He = 0.712), comparable to South African sorghum (He = 0.609). There were significant differences in the genetic variation of sorghum varieties in different regions in China. The allele abundance of sorghum germplasm was between 3.64 and 4.88 in 12 regions, and the genetic diversity was between 0.517 and 0.714. The genetic variation of the local varieties of sorghum in Jilin Province is the most abundant (He = 0.714), which is comparable to that of North American and South Asian sorghum. The genetic differentiation between Chinese sorghum and foreign sorghum is obvious, while the differentiation among different sorghum varieties is very weak. Principal component analysis (PCA) can clearly distinguish Chinese and foreign sorghum germplasm but can not separate Chinese sorghum by region or type. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation between Chinese and foreign sorghum accounts for 20.43% of the total genetic variation of the tested materials. The genetic variation of sorghum in China mainly existed in the region (91.94% of the total variation) or between the materials in the ecological region (94.97% of the total variation). In terms of variety types, most of the genetic variation in sorghum in China existed in the panicle (97.93% of the total). This study supports the viewpoints of Chinese sorghum from the outside.