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在马克思的哲学生涯中,除了早年写过一些论战性和批判性的著作外,一直没有机会写出一部正面阐述性的系统专著。这个事实既给后人理解他的思想增加了一定的难度,也给各式各样的人在解释和评价他的哲学思想时提供了一定的自由度。一个多世纪来,资产阶级思想家从未停止过对马克思哲学的歪曲和伪造;在马克思主义内部,不仅在许多具体问题上,就是对马克思哲学的总体把握上也存在诸多分歧。目前就有自然本体论、实践唯物论、人本论、历史唯物论等对马克思哲学思想的不同理解。这就提出一个问题:马克思哲学的基本前提和总体特征是什么?到底应该怎样正确地把握马克思的哲学思想?由于这个问题事关宏旨,本文仅就马克思哲学形成时期的实际材料,谈谈对这个问题的看法。
In Marx’s philosophical career, in addition to writing some controversial and critical works in his early years, there has been no opportunity to write a positive and systematic monograph. This fact not only adds some difficulty to future generations in understanding his thinking, but also gives a wide range of people certain degrees of freedom in explaining and evaluating his philosophical thinking. For more than a century, bourgeois thinkers have never stopped distorting and forging the Marxist philosophy. There are also many disagreements within Marxism not only on many specific issues but also on the overall grasp of Marxist philosophy. At present, there are different understandings of Marxist philosophical thinking such as natural ontology, practical materialism, humanistic theory and historical materialism. This raises the question: what are the basic prerequisites and general characteristics of Marxist philosophy? In the end how to correctly grasp Marx’s philosophical thinking? Because this issue is related to macroeconomic issues, this article only talks about the actual materials during the formation of Marx’s philosophy. View of the problem.