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威权主义概念被广泛使用是在 2 0世纪 60年代随着东亚、拉美等地出现发展导向型政府并取得很大经济成就之后 ,因此应被赋予特定的历史与现实内涵。韩国威权政体是指军人政体 ,不包括李承晚政权。其合法性的获得主要依靠“进取性”和“防御性”方案 ,即全力推动经济增长和保护社会免遭内部颠覆与外部侵略。但这种合法性具有一定的历史局限性。随着经济的迅速发展、城市化与教育的普及、社会结构的变动与社会期望值的提高以及国际上“冷战”的结束 ,韩国威权政体未能相应变更合法性来源 ,因此在经济相当成功时崩
The widespread use of the concept of authoritarianism came after the emergence of a development-oriented government in East Asia and Latin America in the 1960s with great economic success. Therefore, it should be given certain historical and realistic connotations. Korean authoritarian regime refers to the military regime, excluding the Syngman Rhee regime. Their legitimacy relies mainly on “aggressive” and “defensive” programs, which are to promote economic growth and protect society from internal subversion and external aggression. However, this legitimacy has certain historical limitations. With the rapid economic development, the popularization of urbanization and education, the change of social structure and the increase of social expectation, and the international “Cold War” over, the authoritarian regime in South Korea failed to change the source of legitimacy accordingly. Therefore, when the economy was quite successful