强迫症(obsessive-compulsive disorder，OCD)以强迫思维和强迫行为为主要临床特征，被世界卫生组织列为十大致残性疾病之一。错误相关负波是在错误情况下的神经认知警报信号，该脑电成分的个体差异反映了错误敏感性的不同和内部感知威胁的差异性。越来越多研究发现，强迫症患者的错误相关负波波幅出现明显增强，因而过度活跃的错误监测活动是强迫症的核心功能障碍之一，与过度担忧与怀疑、反复检查等核心症状密切相关。此外，错误相关负波增强有望作为强迫症诊断或预测的生物标记物，同时也是该疾病潜在的干预目标。因此，进一步厘清错误相关负波增强与强迫症之间的关系对强迫症的有效诊疗具有重要作用。文章就强迫症患者错误相关负波的研究成果进行阐述，内容包括强迫症患者错误相关负波的实验范式、来源脑区、特征表现、影响因素以及临床价值与应用，为今后临床实践和科学研究提供参考。“,”Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which has the main clinical features of intrusive obsessions and compulsive behaviors, is listed as one of the top ten disabling diseases by the World Health Organization.Error related negativity(ERN) is a neurocognitive alarm signal in the case of errors.The individual differences in the ERN reflect the variability in reactivity to errors and to an internally generated threat.More and more studies have reported that ERN amplitudes in OCD have significantly increased.As a result, overactive error-monitoring is a core dysfunction disorder in OCD, which is closely related to the key symptoms of OCD including worry, doubt, repeating check behaviors.In addition, the increased ERN amplitudes are expected to serve as a diagnostic or predictive marker of OCD as well as a potential intervention target of this disease.Therefore, further understanding about the relationship between ERN and pathophysiology of OCD plays an important role in the effective diagnosis and treatment of OCD.The current paper aims to review the research results of ERN in patients with OCD and explore the following issues: the common experiment paradigms of ERN in OCD, the brain region sources of ERN in OCD, the characteristic manifestations of ERN in OCD, influencing factors of ERN and clinical value and application of ERN in OCD.In a word, it will provide reference for clinical practice and scientific research in the future.