生物学(bioligie)一词是由德国人特雷维拉努斯和另一位传名后世的法国人让一巴蒂斯特·拉马克在1802年首先使用的。象其他所有的科学学科的情况一样,准确地确定在实际成果和概念方面标志生物学发端的界线,这肯定是不可能的。就起源而言,生物科学由于并不严格地受神学精神的支配,因此属于实际研究的范围:在认识人体及其疾病、饮食和生物的要求面前,自然而然地产生了这种研究活动。一方面是人及其人类中心论的、泛灵论的或神秘的生物观;另一方面是动物和植物。这还谈不上真正的科学。用“艺术”一词也许更合适,因为它毋宁说是一部偏方“汇编”,从医学上来说,这些偏方属于理发师的有多种技能范围,而从植物界的角度来看,它们属于种植者的技能。不过,古代不乏某些杰出的前驱,往往显示出天才的预感。例如,德谟克利特早在公元前6世纪就直觉到,心理活动来源自大脑,而不是来源自心。希波克拉底对癫痫作了描述。希罗菲卢斯和埃拉西斯特拉图斯在公元前3世纪解剖了尸体,并且不无惊 The word bioligie was first used in 1802 by a Brazilian, Trevilanus, and another, later French, to have a Battag Lamarck. As is the case with all science disciplines, it is certainly impossible to pinpoint the line that marks the beginning of biology in terms of actual outcomes and concepts. As far as origin is concerned, biological science, because it is not strictly governed by theological spirits, falls within the realm of research: it naturally arises in the face of the requirements of the human body and its diseases, diet, and biology. On the one hand are humans and their anthropocentric, animistic or mystical creatures; on the other hand animals and plants. There is no real science at all. The term “art” may be more appropriate because it is rather a compilation of remedies, which, in medicine, belong to the multitude of skills of the barber, and from the plantar point of view they belong Grower's skills. However, there are some outstanding ancient forerunners, often showing a genius feeling. For example, Democritus, as early as the 6th century BC, had the intuition that mental activity came from the brain, not from the heart. Hippocrates described epilepsy. Hiro Phyllis and Elacis Stratus anatomized the body in the third century BC,