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洪水漫顶是土质淤地坝垮坝的主要原因之一。为研究淤地坝超防洪标准的保坝措施,山西省水保所进行了植物护坡土坝过水试验研究。试验坝坝高6米、下游坝坡1:2.5,栽植野牛草、羊草、紫穗槐、拧条护坡,经堰顶水深0.38～0.56米溢流,护坡植物都表现出具有增强坝坡抗冲能力的作用,其中野牛草护坡经70多分钟溢流,坝坡才开始形成局部冲坑。在护坡植物中,禾本科草本植物明显优于柠条、紫穗槐等灌木,野牛草好于羊草。试验研究表明,对群众性的小型淤地坝,采用植物护坡防止非常洪水漫顶造成的垮坝是经济可行的。本文论述了植物护坡过水试验情况及流态变化,并对护坡植物的抗冲性能进行了研究分析。
Flood top is one of the main reasons for the dam of soil check dam. In order to study the dam protection measures for the over-flood control standard of silt dam, Shanxi Provincial Institute of Soil and Water Conservation conducted a pilot study on the plant slope protection of earth dam. The test dam height is 6 meters, the downstream dam slope is 1: 2.5, planted with Picrosis, Leymus chinensis, Amorpha fruticosa, screwing slope protection. The top water depth of weir is 0.38 ~ 0.56 meters. The role of rushing ability, including buffalo grass slope over 70 minutes overflow, dam slope began to form a partial pit. Among the slope protection plants, gramineous herbaceous plants are obviously superior to the shrubs such as Caragana korshinskii and Amorpha fruticosa, and the bison grass is better than the Leymus chinensis grass. Experimental studies have shown that it is economically feasible to use plant slope protection to prevent collapse caused by very flood-overrun problems for mass-scale small silt dam. This paper discusses the experimental conditions and the changes of the flow regime of the plant slope protection, and studies the impact resistance of the slope protection plant.