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化学诱变剂在栽培作物中应用的数量,目前甚少。本实验用EA(ethylacetate)和EAA(ethylacetoacete)处理蚕豆根尖。实验结果表明,它们的诱发染色体畸变率均高于EMS诱发的畸变率,即分别提高为11.2％和7.6％。用磷酸缓冲液(pb)作对照处理,EA和EAA诱发染色体畸变率比pb处理分别高21.5和16.5倍。由此可见,EA和EAA是两种高效应的诱变剂。化学诱变剂的种类已经很多了,目前还是不断的增加。然而,化学诱变剂在栽培作物中的应用,现在只有少数诱变剂是真正有效的。化学诱变剂在栽培作物诱发突变育种上,现在尚未充分利用,其关键问题是缺少水溶性大,毒性小而诱发效率高的诱变剂。其次是如何掌握在个体发育的适当时期来处理,以便提高诱变率和M_2代诱变谱,这样便于选择对人有益的个体。周祉祯和Phan Phai等用烷化剂处理高等植物胚胎发育早期(合子、原胚)的细胞,成功的获得了提高诱变率扩大M_2代突变谱,进一步确立了个体发育原始阶段是对化学诱变剂处理的敏感时期,从而为化学诱变育种工作提供有效的方法。第三,是诱变谱的发生难于被人们所控制。因此筛选毒性小、易溶于水最有效的诱变剂,是本研究的主要课题。现将实验结果报道如下。
The amount of chemical mutagens used in cultivated crops is currently low. In this experiment, EAA (ethylacetate) and EAA (ethylacetoacete) were used to treat Vicia faba root tips. Experimental results show that their induced chromosome aberration rates were higher than the EMS-induced aberration rates, which were increased to 11.2% and 7.6%. With phosphate buffer (pb) as control, EA and EAA induced chromosome aberration rates were 21.5 and 16.5 fold higher than pb treatment, respectively. Thus, EA and EAA are two highly effective mutagens. The type of chemical mutagen has been a lot, and is still constantly increasing. However, the use of chemical mutagens in cultivated crops is now only truly effective with a few mutagens. Chemical mutagens in cultivated crop-induced mutation breeding is not yet fully utilized, the key issue is the lack of large water-soluble, low toxicity induced mutagen high efficiency. Second, how to master the appropriate period in the development of individuals to deal with, in order to improve the mutagenesis rate and M_2 generation mutagenesis spectrum, so easy to select individuals that are beneficial to humans. Zhou Zhizhen and Phan Phai with alkylating agent treatment of early embryonic development in higher plants (zygotes, proembryo) cells, the successful access to improve the mutation rate to expand M_2 generation mutation spectrum to further establish the initial stage of individual development is chemical mutation Agent sensitive period of treatment, thus providing an effective method for chemical mutagenesis breeding. Third, it is difficult for people to control the occurrence of mutagenic spectrum. Therefore, the selection of less toxic, easily soluble in water, the most effective mutagen, is the main topic of this study. The experimental results are reported below.