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我国花生育种大多是采用品种间杂交的方法,由于遗传基础狭窄,育成的品种往往适应性不广,抗病虫能力较差。因此,利用花生野生种质资源进行育种,已引起广泛重视。近年来,我国从国外引进花生野生种质材料20多份,其中绝大多数是二倍体(2n=20),与栽培种杂交只能产生不育的三倍体(2n=30)。要利用花生野生种质资源,首先必须解决三倍体杂种染色体加倍问题。我们自1982年至1983年对这项技术进行了一些研究,现将初步结果报道如下。
Most peanut breeding in our country is based on the method of crossbreeding among varieties. Due to the narrow genetic base, cultivars are not widely adaptable and have poor resistance to pests and diseases. Therefore, the use of wild peanut germplasm resources breeding has attracted widespread attention. In recent years, China imported more than 20 peanut wild germplasm materials from abroad, most of which are diploid (2n = 20), and can only produce sterile triploids (2n = 30) when crossed with cultivated species. To take advantage of wild peanut germplasm resources, we must first address the doubling of triploid hybrids. We conducted some research on this technology from 1982 to 1983, and the preliminary results are reported below.