一、“大同主义”与平均主义摆脱自然和社会的双重奴役,争取公平、和谐、富裕、自由的生活,是人类共同追求的目标。在中国,人们很早就开始并一直进行着“消灭所有一切剥削”的理想社会的探索。不同阶级和阶层的代表人物,从各自不同的立场和角度出发,提出了纷繁多彩的理想蓝图。“有的是所谓‘人道主义原则的特殊表现’,有的是所谓异端的乌托邦社会思想,有的实际上是使‘财产普遍化’的平均主义思想,更有的类似近代的乌托邦社会主义”。这些理想共同构筑了中华民族社会理想的最初的“科学研究纲领”。“大同”理想可以说是中国古代社会理想观念的集大成者,它与人类所追求的终极价值目标是基本一致的。这种理想境 I. “Radicalism” and egalitarianism are free from the dual enslavement of nature and society and strive for a fair, harmonious, prosperous and free life. They are the common goal pursued by mankind. In China, people started very early and have been pursuing an ideal society that “eradicates all exploitation”. Different class and class representatives, from their own different positions and perspectives, put forward a colorful blueprint ideal. “Some are so-called 'special manifestations of the humanitarian principle.' Some are so-called heresy utopian social ideologies. Some are actually egalitarian ideas that 'generalize property' and more similar to modern utopian socialism. ' These ideals together constitute the initial ”scientific research program“ of the social ideal of the Chinese nation. The ”Great Harmony" ideal can be said to be a master of the ideal concept of society in ancient China. It is basically consistent with the ultimate goal of value pursued by mankind. This ideal situation