一、前言早在1961年,Karaki等在声波探测仪的基础上,开始把超声技术应用到探测模型水深和床面地形上来,但是,当时的仪器受悬沙和气泡的影响,常使所测水深较实际水深为浅,数值也不稳定,而且没有修正温度的影响,直到1972年,等仍然认为可以把试验用水的温度看成是常数,这就不可能有较高的精度,有些文献虽然考虑到精度的提高,但只能用于清水或溶液,不能在泥沙模型中应用,在七十年代初,国内曾采用电阻式地形仪、光电式地形仪;1968年,荷兰Delft实验室制成一种沿模型沙面2～3mm处跟随移动探测地形的仪器,现在已有商品生产, I. INTRODUCTION As early as 1961, Karaki et al. Started to apply the ultrasonic technique to the sounding depth and bed topography on the basis of the sonic detector. However, at that time, the instrument was affected by suspended sediment and bubbles and often caused the measured The water depth is shallow, the value is not stable, and the temperature is not modified. Until 1972, we still think that the temperature of the test water can be regarded as a constant, so it is impossible to have higher accuracy. Although some literatures Taking into account the improvement of accuracy, but can only be used for water or solution, can not be used in sediment model, in the early seventies, China has used resistive topography instrument, photoelectric terrain instrument; 1968, Holland Delft Laboratory Into a kind of along the model sand surface 2 ~ 3mm to follow the mobile detection of terrain of the instrument, now has the production of goods,