一、前言桥梁是铁路跨越河流的最普遍的工程。为了导引水流,防护桥渡,保证运输安全,对于某些桥渡,设置合适的导流堤,具有一定的作用。而导流堤的布置正确与否,则直接影响桥渡区水流的畅顺,桥墩的防护等。如果布置得正确合理,水流则能顺畅地通过桥孔,使流速分布均勻,并可减缓冲刷等效果,否则,不但桥址附近水流恶化,流速分布不匀,加剧桥墩冲刷,增加防护费用,而且影响当地的生产发展与运输安全。护岸丁坝一般是建筑在沿河流主流侧,为防止水流淘刷、冲刷路基的工程。目前多采用顺流丁坝群。只要丁坝群的间距、与水流的交角、结构选用等是正确的,就能起防护路基、挑流、固定河岸或形成新的河岸线的作用,否则就达不到予想的结果。本文根据山区、山前区及平原区河流的导流堤及护岸丁坝的实际资料,加以整理分析而得。 First, the preface The bridge is the most common railway crossing the river. In order to guide the water flow, protect the bridge and ensure the safety of transportation, it is necessary to set proper diversion dike for some bridges. The layout of the dike is correct or not, it will directly affect the smooth flow of bridges and bridges, pier protection. If the layout is correct and reasonable, the water flow can be smoothly through the bridge hole, so that the flow velocity distribution, and to reduce erosion and other effects, or not, not only the deterioration of water flow near the bridge site, uneven flow velocity, increased piers erosion, increase protection costs, and the impact Local production development and transport safety. Revetment dam is generally built along the mainstream of the river side, in order to prevent water scouring, flushing embankment works. The current use of downstream small dam group. As long as the spacing of the dam group, the crossing angle with the water current and the structure selection are correct, it will be able to play the role of protecting the roadbed, picking the stream, fixing the bank or forming a new shoreline, otherwise it will not reach the desired result. Based on the actual data of the dykes of the rivers in the mountainous areas, the piedmont areas and the plains and the bank protection dams, this paper analyzes them.