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针对环轧成形模拟所采用的动力显式算法由于沙漏而造成单元畸变的问题,研究了沙漏控制方法,分析了矩形截面环件轧制的成形过程。环轧初始阶段,环件变形量小,沙漏能很小;随变形量增大,控制沙漏所需沙漏能持续增长。采用人工阻尼法需要的沙漏能可达内能的20%,而采用人工刚度法所需沙漏能明显减小,只占内能的5%左右,能减小沙漏能对内能的干扰。采用人工阻尼法计算沙漏能,阻尼系数可取0.05～0.15,取0.1时沙漏能最小;采用人工刚度法计算沙漏能,刚度系数k可取0.001～0.1,取0.05时沙漏能最小。
Aiming at the problem of unit distortion caused by hourglass in dynamical explicit algorithm adopted for ring rolling forming simulation, the hourglass control method is studied and the forming process of rectangular section ring rolling is analyzed. In the initial stage of ring rolling, the deformation of the ring is small and the hourglass can be very small. With the increase of the deformation, the hourglass needed to control the hourglass can continue to grow. The hourglass required by the artificial damping method can reach 20% of the internal energy, and the hourglass required by the artificial stiffness method can be obviously reduced, accounting for only about 5% of the internal energy, which can reduce the interference of the hourglass with the internal energy. The hourglass energy can be calculated by artificial damping method. The damping coefficient should be 0.05 ~ 0.15. The hourglass energy can be the minimum when 0.1 is taken. The hourglass energy can be calculated by artificial stiffness method. The stiffness coefficient k can be 0.001 ~ 0.1.