目的　通过分析已确诊的亚急性硬化性全脑炎 (SSPE)病例 ,探讨其临床特点及早期诊断要点。方法　回顾分析 5例经病理或免疫学检查证实的SSPE的临床资料及病理结果。结果　 5例均有高级神经系统损害的表现、肌阵挛、锥体束损害及特征性脑电图改变 ,早期临床表现常为智能减退。病理改变为脑的灰质和白质均广泛受累 ,血管周围淋巴细胞和浆细胞袖套状浸润 ,胶质细胞增生 ,白质片状脱髓鞘改变 ,神经细胞和胶质细胞核及胞浆内可见嗜伊红包涵体。本组 4例符合以上改变 ,部分电镜下见可疑病毒颗粒。血清及脑脊液麻疹抗体阳性可助生前诊断SSPE。本组 4例死亡 ,1例呈缄默状态。结论　有上述临床特点的患者应尽早行血清及脑脊液麻疹病毒免疫学检查以明确诊断。本病预后差 ,加强支持治疗可延长生命 Objective To analyze the clinical features and early diagnosis points of subacute sclerosing total encephalitis (SSPE) confirmed cases. Methods Retrospective analysis of 5 cases of pathological or immunological examination confirmed the clinical data of SSPE and pathological results. Results All of the 5 cases showed the manifestations of advanced nervous system damage, myoclonus, pyramidal tract lesions and characteristic electroencephalogram changes. Early clinical manifestations were often mental retardation. Pathological changes of the brain are extensively affected gray matter and white matter, perivascular lymphocytes and plasma cells cuff-like infiltration, glial cell proliferation, white matter demyelination changes, neurons and glial cells and cytoplasm can be seen in the eosinophilic Red inclusion body. The group of 4 cases in line with the above changes, some suspicious virus particles under electron microscopy. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid measles antibody positive can help diagnose SSPE. The group of 4 patients died, 1 patient was silent. Conclusion Patients with the above clinical features should be immunized with serum and cerebrospinal fluid measles virus as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis. Poor prognosis of this disease, strengthen supportive treatment can prolong life