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高一教材学生实验“实验一化学实验基本操作(一)”中制取氧化铜时,实验步骤出现了一些问题:有些学生将 NaOH 溶液向 CuSO_4溶液中加入时,得不到期望的蓝色沉淀 Cu(OH)_2,而是得到了蓝绿色物质或深蓝色物质;有些学生加热很长时间也得不到黑色的CuO,而是得到了蓝绿色的物质;有些学生加热得到了黑色的氧化铜,但量很少。那么导致以上问题的原因是什么呢?为得到纯净的氧化铜,我进行了下列的实验研究。
In the preparation of cupric oxide in the experimental course “Experimental-chemical experiment (a)”, some problems appeared in the experimental procedure: some students could not obtain the desired blue when the NaOH solution was added to the CuSO 4 solution Color precipitation Cu (OH) _2, but get the blue-green material or dark blue material; some students heated for a long time without the black CuO, but get the blue-green material; some students heated to black Copper oxide, but a small amount. So what is the cause of the above problem? In order to obtain pure copper oxide, I conducted the following experimental study.