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【目的】找出观赏海棠杂交育种早期定向选择的方法,解决杂交中存在的育种费用大、效率低等问题。【方法】根据父本木质部与其花瓣、果皮中的花色苷含量的数量关系,利用这种相关性预测杂交实生苗的花色与果色,以便在童期进行预选。【结果】父本花瓣与木质部花色苷含量间存在显著相关性,4月份时相关系数最大(r=0.933),因此建立4月份木质部(y)与花瓣(x)花色苷含量间的数学模型y=1.9391x+312.41,利用已开花的M.‘Pink Spire’的红花杂交后代检验数学模型,预测值与实际花瓣中花色苷含量的差值均不超过4%。对杂交群体进行遗传分析发现除M.‘Pink Spire’的杂交群体外,其余7个杂交群体的遗传力均≥52.43%,并且木质部花色苷含量的遗传属于数量遗传。对父本进行分析结果表明,以红艳花色为育种目标时,以M.‘Red Splender’品种的观赏海棠作为父本的杂交结果较之其它品种更佳。【结论】利用木质部花色苷含量对杂交后代花色、果色进行预选具有可行性。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to find out the method of early directional selection for hybrid breeding of Begonia, to solve the problem of high breeding cost and low efficiency in hybridization. 【Method】 Based on the relationship between the amount of anthocyanin in the petals and pericarp of paternal xylem, the correlation between the flower color and the fruit color of hybrid seedlings was used to pre-select in childhood. 【Result】 The results showed that there was a significant correlation between parental petal and anthocyanin content in xylem, with the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.933) in April. Therefore, a mathematical model of anthocyanin content between xylem (y) and petal (x) = 1.9391x + 312.41. The mathematic model was tested by using the hybridized M.’Pink Spire ’hybrids. The difference between the predicted value and the actual petal anthocyanin content did not exceed 4%. The genetic analysis of hybrids showed that except for the hybrid population of M.’Pink Spire ’, the remaining seven hybrid populations had a heritability of ≥52.43%, and the inheritance of xylogenin content in xylem belonged to quantitative inheritance. The results of paternity analysis showed that hybrids with M. merrill Splender variety as the male parent had better crosses than other varieties when using red flowers as the breeding target. 【Conclusion】 It is feasible to use anthocyanin content of xylem to preselect flower color and fruit color of hybrid progenies.