能源、信息和材料被认为是当代文明的三大支柱,而其中材料又是技术发展的物质基础。人类对于材料感兴越,首先并且永远是因为材料具有能够满足人类生存和发展需要的有用的性能。新型材料之所以成为最有生命力,最有发展潜力的一类材料,就在于它们向人类展示了其优异的性能。正因为如此,无论是金属学或物理冶金学,还是材料科学都明确地把自己定义为“研究成份、结构、性能和它们之间关系的科学。”北京钢铁学院肖纪美教授多 Energy, information and materials are considered the three pillars of contemporary civilization, of which material is again the material basis for technological development. Human beings are more and more interested in materials, first and foremost, because materials have useful properties that meet the needs of human survival and development. The reason why new materials become the most viable and promising materials is that they demonstrate their superior properties to humans. Because of this, neither metallography nor physical metallurgy nor material science explicitly defines itself as “a science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and relationships between them.” Professor Xiao Jimei at Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel