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本文通过对清末学务场域的考察,发现地方社会中的废科兴学活动是一场权力角逐的过程。在这个过程中,上层士绅的权力体现了强劲的扩张态势。处境困窘的地方官联合生计被夺的下层士绅进行了猛烈的反击。研究表明:在清末,地方官失去了在地方社会的占绝对优势的支配地位;将士绅想象为具有共同价值观、共同利益和共同的文化生活,因而一味地采用整体化研究方式,不足取,“上层士绅保守下层士绅激进,”这个流行的说法站不住脚。
Through the investigation of the field of study in the late Qing dynasty, this paper finds that the activity of building up waste science in local society is a process of power competition. In the process, the power of the upper gentry reflected a strong expansion. The underclassmen of the embattled local government and joint livelihoods fought back violently. The study shows that in the late Qing Dynasty, local officials lost their dominance in local society as an absolute superiority; they imagined gentry as having common values, common interests and common cultural life, so blindly adopting a holistic approach to research, The upper gentry conservative lower gentry radical, "This popular argument untenable.