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淀粉的组成和结构是决定稻米品质的主要因素。利用17个淀粉合成相关基因位点的分子标记鉴定67个粳稻品种的淀粉合成相关基因的籼粳来源,表明67个品种均带粳型Wx基因,GBSSⅡ、SSⅡ-2和SSⅣ-1位点没有发生重组,其他13个支链淀粉合成相关基因位点有籼型等位基因的渗入,渗入频率1.49%~46.27%,其中SSⅠ籼型等位基因渗入到粳稻品种中最高;逐步回归分析表明有7个基因对10个淀粉理化指标有效应,其中Isa对PKV、BDV、CSV、SBV和PeT有效应,其他基因只对1~4个性状有明显的遗传效应。说明在支链淀粉合成相关基因位点上籼粳等位基因已经发生了明显的分化,具有不同的遗传功能,为水稻优质品种培育提供了参考依据。
The composition and structure of starch is the main factor that determines the quality of rice. The indica and japonica sources of starch synthesis related genes in 67 japonica cultivars were identified using 17 molecular markers related to starch synthesis related genes, indicating that all 67 cultivars belonged to japonica Wx gene, but not GBSSⅡ, SSⅡ-2 and SSⅣ-1 In the recombination, the other 13 amylopectin related genes were infiltrated with indica allele at the frequency of 1.49% ~ 46.27%. Among them, SS Ⅰ indica allele infiltrated the highest in japonica rice varieties. The stepwise regression analysis showed that there was Seven genes were effective for 10 starch physicochemical indexes. Among them, Isa was effective to PKV, BDV, CSV, SBV and PeT, while other genes had obvious genetic effects on only 1-4 traits. The results showed that the indica and japonica alleles had been differentiated obviously with different genetic functions in the related genes of amylopectin synthesis, which provided a reference for the cultivation of high quality rice varieties.