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本文原载于德国《海军舰队》2004年第一季度特刊。意大利海军始建于1861年3月17日,当时撒丁王国、两西西里王国、皮埃蒙特王国的海上舰队合并而成意大利皇家海军,当时仅有97艘舰船,但大部分为蒸汽动力舰只。19世纪70年代,意大利全国统一后,资本主义得到迅速发展。为了掠夺国际市场,实现对外殖民扩张,意政府开始加快海军建设,使之成为当时世界上最强大的海军之一。19世纪末到20世纪初,作为意政府进行海外扩张的重要工具,意海军先后参加了侵占埃塞俄比亚、利比亚等战争,之后又参加了两次世界大战。二战中、意沦为战败国,海军受到重创。 如今。意大利海军的规模和实力不可与当年相比,但近年来意大利一直奉行质量建军之路。人们对其未来计划以及规划其中包括海军航空兵在内的建设进程非常关注。尽管一些项目由于资金的短缺而搁浅,但其它重要的项目仍在继续,这表明意大利海军目前正在对项目优先权予以合理分配。在德国、法国等重要伙伴的合作参与下,意大利海军正在走上一条复兴之路,重塑海军强国的梦想指日可待。
This article was originally published in the first quarter of 2004 special issue of “Navy Fleet” in Germany. The Italian Navy was founded on March 17, 1861, when the Italian Royal Navy was merged with the maritime fleet of the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of Two Sicilies and the Kingdom of Piedmont. At that time, the Italian Navy had only 97 ships, but most of them were steam powered ships . After the unification of Italy in the 1870s, capitalism developed rapidly. In order to plunder the international market and achieve the colonial expansion abroad, the Italian government began to speed up its naval construction and make it one of the most powerful navies in the world. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, as an important tool for Italy’s government to expand overseas, Italy’s navy participated successively in the encroachment of the war on Ethiopia and Libya, and then on two world wars. In World War II Italy intended to become a defeated nation, the navy was hit hard. now. The scale and strength of the Italian Navy can not be compared with the current year, but in recent years Italy has been pursuing the road of quality army building. People are very concerned about their future planning and planning of the construction process, including naval aviation. Although some projects ran aground due to funding shortfalls, other important projects continued, suggesting that the Italian Navy is currently allocating project priorities reasonably. With the cooperation and participation of important partners such as Germany and France, the Italian Navy is embarking on a road of rejuvenation and the dream of reshaping the naval power is just around the corner.