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将一种细菌体内的抗虫基因,通过生物技术的手段转入植物体内表达,就能让植物得到抗虫性状,免受特定害虫的侵扰。这种抗虫基因是哪里来的,如何发挥出作用的?到底对人体有没有害处呢?苏云金芽胞杆菌(又称苏云金杆菌,Bacillus thuringiensis),简称Bt,是一类可产生芽胞的革兰氏阳性细菌。Bt被广泛用于农业,特别是有机农业,以及转基因农业。它们广泛分布于世界各地的土壤、尘埃中,无论在海滩、沙漠还是冻土带,均有它们的活动踪迹。当周围环境中的营养物质缺乏的时候,营养期的Bt就开始形成芽胞,并在体内产生伴胞晶体。这种晶体主要由被称为“Cry内毒素”的蛋白质组成;而Cry内毒素,则得名于英文Crystal(晶体)的字头“Cry”。
Transforming a bacterium’s insect-resistant genes into plants through biotechnological means allows the plant to gain pest resistance from specific pests. Bacillus thuringiensis, also known as Bacillus thuringiensis, referred to as Bt, is a class of spores can produce Gram’s Positive bacteria. Bt is widely used in agriculture, especially organic agriculture, and in genetically modified agriculture. They are widely distributed in soils and dust around the world and have traces of their activity in beaches, deserts and tundra. When nutrients in the environment are scarce, Bt during vegetative phase begins to form sprouts and produce companion crystals in the body. The crystals are composed mainly of proteins called “Cry endotoxins”, whereas Cry endotoxins are named after the English “Crystal” prefix.