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迄今为止,关于鱼类的防御反应已有较多的研究报道,尤其是对于病原微生物入侵鱼体后的机体反应,即免疫系统和补体系统以及各种各样的细胞反应等,是开展此类研究的焦点。众所周知,在长期的进化过程中,各种动物为了防止病原微生物侵入其体内,在病原容易入侵的部位形成了各种屏障。体表是动物与外界直接接触的部位,也是病原微生物入侵的主要途径。在陆地上生活的动物,通常是依靠角质化的坚实表皮防止其他生物的入侵,相对而言,病原微生物经体表感染较经其呼吸和消化器官感染的机会少。而生活在水中的鱼类,由于水作为病原微生物的传播媒介是及其适宜的,因此,鱼类的体表也就成为了病原微生物最容易入侵的途径。那么,鱼类的体表究竟是依靠哪些机制防御病原微生物入侵的呢?本文就简要的介绍有关这方面的研究结果。
So far, there have been many reports on the defensive reactions of fish, especially for the body reactions after the pathogenic microorganisms invade the fish, ie, the immune system and the complement system, as well as various cellular responses. Research focus. It is well-known that in the course of long-term evolution, various kinds of animals form various barriers at the sites where pathogens are easy to invade in order to prevent their entry into the body. Surface is the site of direct contact between animals and the outside world, but also the main pathogen invasion. Animals living on land usually rely on keratinized solid skins to prevent the intrusion of other organisms. In contrast, pathogenic microorganisms have less chance of being infected through the body surface than those through their respiratory and digestive organs. Fish living in water are suitable for the transmission of water as a carrier of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the body surface of fish has also become the most easily accessible pathogenic microorganism. So what are the mechanisms by which the body surface of fish depends on the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms? This article briefly introduces the findings of this study.