1.三年来对扬麦一号小麦的高产途径和栽培技术进行了探索。初步明确:在淮南稻麦两熟地区,扬麦一号小麦亩产800斤以上的群体动态结构,以15—20万基本苗,越冬茎蘖数70万左右,最高茎蘖数100—120万左右,成穗40万以上,每穗30粒,千粒重35克以上为适宜。2.扬麦一号小麦高产的长相长势。越冬时壮苗长相,主茎出生5叶1心,单株分蘖3—4个,次生根6—8条,穗分化处于单稜期;叶色深绿,麦苗矮壮、墩实、成盆子式;叶面积系数1左右,返青期叶面积系数2左右;最高茎蘖数出现在二棱后期;拔节期壮株的长相,叶片挺直,叶片尖端略扭曲,叶色青绿,并出现正常褪淡过程;此时主茎第9叶刚出生,主茎功能叶第8叶叶片长为14厘米左右,第7叶长度为12厘米左右,叶面积系数为4.5左右。拔节时如叶片披垂,叶色浓绿,为过旺长相;如叶片窄而尖,叶色黄为长势不足。抽穗后主茎上部三张功能叶片长度,剑叶20厘米左右,倒2叶26厘米左右,倒3叶23厘米左右。在5月中旬乳熟期,叶面积系数保持在5左右。3.扬麦一号小麦亩产800斤以上田块的每亩施肥量折纯氮40—45斤,其中有机肥料占70—80%,过磷酸钙50—100斤。施肥技术掌握前期促壮苗早发,返青期控制无效分蘖,拔节期攻大穗的原则,以统一穗多和穗大的矛盾,肥料分配的比例,基肥占60—70%,苗肥、腊肥占15—20%,拔节、穗肥约占15%左右。扬麦一号小麦穗的中部小穗,一般分化有8个小花原基,小花的退化出现在减数分裂期,大约在抽穗前10—15天,此时植株外部形态剑叶已全部抽出,剑叶与倒2叶的叶耳间距为1.3—4.4厘米。因此,在抽穗前25—30天,看苗追施拔节肥,可以促进小花分化,缩小小花之间发育上的差距,减少小花和小穗退化,增粒的作用显著。高产小麦拔节肥的施用,以掌握在群体叶色出现正常褪淡,分蘖已开始下降,茎基部第1节间定长时追施。如拔节时叶色落黄显著,则应适当增加拔节肥的用量。在剑叶刚露出时,如局部地段出现叶色褪淡落黄,还可补施少量穗肥,可以减少小花褪化,延长上部三张叶片的功能期。4.控上促下。在越冬期间看苗进行镇压促根壮蘖,在返青阶段如麦苗长势过旺,还可进行镇压并喷0.15%矮壮素防止倒伏。 1. Three years of Yangmai 1 wheat yield and cultivation techniques were explored. Initial clear: In Huainan rice and wheat two ripe areas, Yangmai 1 per mu yield of more than 800 kg of population dynamic structure, with 15-20 million basic seedlings, the number of winter tillering 700000, the maximum number of tillers 100-1200000 Or so, into the ear more than 400,000, 30 grains per ear, grain weight more than 35 grams is appropriate. 2. Young wheat one high-yielding wheat growing looks. Strong winter seedlings when the main stem is born 5 leaves a heart, 3-4 tillers per plant, secondary root 6-8, spike differentiation in a single-stage; dark green leaves, wheat seedlings strong, Dunzushi, into the basin ; Leaf area coefficient of about 1, the leaf area ratio of about 2 back to green; the highest number of tillers appear in the late two-row; jointing Zhuang Zhu long phase, the leaves are straight, leaf tip slightly twisted, green leaves, and the normal faded Light process; at this time the main stem of the 9th leaf just born, the main stem function leaf 8 leaf length of about 14 cm, the seventh leaf length of about 12 cm, the leaf area factor of about 4.5. When the jointing, such as leaf drape, leaf color dark green, over-prosperous appearance; such as narrow and pointed leaves, leaf color yellow is lack of growth. After the main stem of the three headings after the function of leaf length, about 20 centimeters, about 2 leaves down 26 centimeters, down 3 leaves about 23 centimeters. Milk ripening in mid-May, leaf area coefficient remained at 5 or so. 3. Yangmai wheat per mu yield of more than 800 pounds of field plots per acre of nitrogen off pure nitrogen 40-45 pounds, of which organic fertilizer accounted for 70-80%, 50-100 kg of superphosphate. Fertilization technology to grasp the early strong seedling early hair, turn green phase control invalid tillering, jointing attack spike principle to uniform spike and spike large contradiction, the proportion of fertilizer distribution, basal fertilizer accounted for 60-70%, Miao fat, wax Fertilizer accounted for 15-20%, jointing, spike fertilizer accounts for about 15%. Yangmai wheat spikelets in the middle of the spikelet, the general differentiation of eight primordia, the degeneration of floret occurs in the meiosis, about 10-15 days before heading, this time all the leaves outside the plant pattern has been extracted, The distance between the leaves of the flag leaf and the 2 leaves is 1.3-4.4 cm. Therefore, 25-30 days before heading, the topdressing fertilizer can improve the differentiation of floret, reduce the developmental gap between florets, and reduce the degeneration of florets and spikelets. High-yield wheat jointing fertilizer application, in order to grasp the normal leaf fade in the population, tillering has begun to decline, the top of the base of the first base long top-dressing. Such as jointing leaf color yellow significantly, it should be appropriate to increase the amount of jointing fertilizer. In the Jian Ye just revealed, such as the local lot of faded leaves appear yellow, but also make up a small amount of spike fertilizer, floret can reduce the fading, to extend the upper three leaves of the functional period. Control on the promotion. During the winter to see the seedlings to suppress the root spur, tillering stage such as wheat seedlings over-prosperous, but also to suppress and spray 0.15% CCN prevent lodging.