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为了保持动静压轴承支承电主轴的服役精度,提出采用电磁力消减静动态加工力的方案并研制了一套磁力减载系统。以磨床为例,建立电主轴系统的动力学模型,获取了载荷与轴端位移的关系;估算了磨削加工时产生的静态和动态加工力,提出了服役精度保持的静/动载荷需求;设计并建造了磁力减载系统,包括结构和测控两个模块;其中,结构模块特色在于磁力减载组件配备有万向支撑方案,测控模块支持开环和闭环两种控制策略;设计专项试验验证了减载系统的性能。研究结果表明:不转时减载组件可实现约35 N静载和28 N幅值谐波动载功能,初步证明采用电磁技术消减机床加工力是可行的。针对引入减载装置的电主轴系统,采用人工调节电流的开环控制策略更有效。
In order to maintain the service accuracy of dynamic and hydrostatic bearing supporting spindle, a scheme to eliminate static dynamic working force by using electromagnetic force was proposed and a set of magnetic load shedding system was developed. Taking the grinding machine as an example, the dynamic model of the spindle system was established, and the relationship between the load and the shaft displacement was obtained. The static and dynamic machining forces during the grinding process were estimated, and the static / dynamic load requirements for service accuracy were put forward. The design and construction of a magnetic load shedding system includes two modules of structure and measurement and control. The structural module is characterized in that the magnetic load shedding component is equipped with a universal support scheme, the measurement and control module supports two kinds of control strategies: open-loop and closed-loop, The performance of the system load shedding. The results show that the load shedding components can achieve about 35 N static load and 28 N amplitude harmonic dynamic load without rotating load. It is initially proved that it is feasible to reduce the machine tool working force by electromagnetic technology. For the introduction of load-shedding spindle system, the use of manual regulation of current open-loop control strategy is more effective.