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传统的隐喻观有两个基本认识:(1)隐喻是语言使用中的异常现象,所以隐喻研究被排除在语言系统的研究之外。(2)隐喻是一种修辞现象,是语言可有可无的华丽装饰,所以隐喻性语言总可以被更加直截了当的表达方式所代替。人们之所以选择使用隐喻,无非是为了制造某种特殊的修辞或交际效果。传统隐喻观可以分为三大流派:对比论、替代论和互动论。三种观点的发展史反映了人类对隐喻的认知不断深入的演化过程。从现代人类的认知水平来看,传统隐喻观为现代认知观奠定了必要的基础,但也限制了人们的研究视野。只有充分认识传统隐喻观的发展过程及其本质,才能够更加深入地从认知的角度研究隐喻,从而使隐喻研究成为人类认识自身认知的重要窗口。
There are two basic understandings of traditional metaphor concept: (1) Metaphor is an anomaly in language use, so metaphor research is excluded from the study of language system. (2) Metaphor is a rhetorical phenomenon, gorgeous decoration of the language dispensable, so metaphorical language can always be replaced by more straightforward expression. The reason why people choose to use metaphors is to create a special rhetorical or communicative effect. The traditional view of metaphor can be divided into three genres: contrast theory, substitution theory and interaction theory. The history of the development of the three views reflects the continuous evolution of human cognition of metaphor. From the perspective of modern human cognition, the traditional metaphor concept has laid the necessary foundation for the modern cognitive view, but also limits the research horizon of people. Only by fully understanding the development of the traditional metaphor concept and its essence can we study the metaphor more deeply from the perspective of cognition so that the metaphor research becomes an important window for human cognition of our own cognition.