历史思维能力培养是新课程历史教学改革中的重要目标,但在高中教学中只关注考试知识内容不关注考试能力要求的现象甚是普遍,如何在教学中引领历史思维能力培养成为重要课题。笔者认为维果斯基的“最近发展区”理论对引领历史思维能力培养具有不可忽视的重要作用。教学应着眼于学生的最近发展区,在学生现有的认识水平基础上设置或提供带有一定难度的内容,调动学生积极性,发挥其潜能,推动历史思维能力的培 The cultivation of the ability of historical thinking is an important goal in the history teaching reform of the new curriculum. However, it is very common that the teaching of senior high school focuses only on the content of examination knowledge not paying attention to the ability of examination. How to guide the cultivation of historical thinking in teaching becomes an important issue. The author believes that Vygotsky’s “recent development ” theory has an important role to play in guiding historical thinking ability cultivation. Teaching should focus on the students’ recent development zones, set or provide students with a certain degree of difficulty on the basis of the existing level of knowledge, mobilize the enthusiasm of students, develop their potential, and promote the ability of historical thinking