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产业结构直接影响产业经济效益,而产业结构是产业链长期发展和优化的产物。产业链越长,分工经济越明显,但随之而来的交易环节增多会导致费用增加,分工带来的经济效益的提升有可能被交易费用的增加所抵消。同一产业内不同养殖户对产业链各环节的不同组合会形成不同的产业链模式。对不同产业链模式经济效益的比较研究,不仅有利于养殖户效益最大化,且有利于产业结构的优化,进而促进整个产业的发展。以我国鲆鲽类养殖为例,基于2013年不同鲆鲽类养殖模式经济效益的跟踪调查,用秩和检验的方法对“育苗+成鱼养殖”模式、“仅育苗”模式及“仅成鱼养殖”模式的成本、收益和资本回报率进行了对比分析。结果显示:(1)专业化分工程度越低的产业链模式,其可变成本越低,固定成本中的要素成本越高;(2)专业化分工程度越高的产业链模式,单位净收益越高,资本回报率越高。基于此,建议管理部门通过合理整顿市场来提高专业化分工程度,为养殖生产者经济效益提供更好的市场环境,建议养殖生产者加强技术创新和科学管理能力从而提高经济效益。
The industrial structure directly affects the economic benefits of the industry, while the industrial structure is the product of the long-term development and optimization of the industrial chain. The longer the industrial chain, the more obvious the division of labor economy, but the resulting increase in transaction costs will lead to an increase in the economic benefits of division of labor may be offset by the increase in transaction costs. Different farmers in the same industry may form different industrial chain modes for different combinations of various links in the industrial chain. The comparative study of the economic benefits of different industrial chain modes not only benefits the farmers’ maximum benefit but also helps to optimize the industrial structure and further the development of the whole industry. Taking the cultivation of flounder and shrimp in China as an example, based on the follow-up investigation on the economic benefits of flounder and shrimp farming in 2013, the rank-sum test was used to evaluate the effects of raising seedlings and raising fish in breeding mode and seedling only mode “Only adult fish farming ” model of the cost, return and return on capital for a comparative analysis. The results show that: (1) The industrial chain model with the lower degree of specialized labor division has the lower variable costs and the higher factor costs in fixed costs; (2) The industrial chain model with a higher degree of specialized labor division, The higher the return, the higher the return on capital. Based on this, it is suggested that the management should improve the professional division of labor by rationalizing the market, provide a better market environment for the economic benefits of aquaculture producers, and suggest that the aquaculture producers should enhance their technological innovation and scientific management ability so as to increase economic benefits.