少数民族人权的法律保障应立足于对其权利体系进行界定和分类的基础之上。清晰地界定权利,并依据权利的种类、性质和特点进行对应性保护,才能保证法律的实效与权利保护的需求相适应,同时避免保护失效、出现“特权”、反向歧视、立法资源浪费等后果。首先应区分少数民族享有的“普遍权利”与“特别权利”;其次应区分少数民族人权的“共同领域”与“分立领域”;最后应对少数民族“集体人权”概念作进一步分析研究。少数民族集体人权的实现通常面临以下两个问题:一是如何对群体进行合理界定;二是集体权利如何表达和实现。 The legal protection of the human rights of ethnic minorities should be based on the definition and classification of its rights system. Clearly defining rights and correspondingly protecting them according to the type, nature and characteristics of rights can we ensure that the actual results of the law are compatible with the needs of the protection of rights while avoiding the failure of protection and the emergence of “privilege ”, reverse discrimination, and legislative resources Waste and other consequences. First of all, we should distinguish between “common rights” and “special rights” enjoyed by ethnic minorities; secondly, we should distinguish between “common areas” and “separate areas” of ethnic minority human rights; and lastly, deal with “minorities”, “collective human rights ”Concept for further analysis. The realization of collective human rights of ethnic minorities usually faces the following two problems: First, how to define the group rationally; second, how collective rights are expressed and realized.