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受制度性约束,农民工城市就业一直被排斥在城市福利之外。本研究借助生命历程理论、运用案例研究方法讨论福利缺失背景下农民工城市就业的生命历程。分析表明,农民工城市就业福利需求表现为务工前期收入效应稀释激发福利意识萌芽、中期收入增加受限转而谋求福利待遇改善、后期福利缺失引致城市融入链条断裂的生命历程,而这种收入与福利的需求转变是农民工城市就业福利缺失条件下追求自身阶段性收益最大化的一种理性渐变。针对我国城市劳动力市场的复杂性,同时考虑到农民工群体福利需求的现实紧迫性,应分层次分阶段推进福利供给和以需求最旺的福利项目为突破口的两条福利供给的选择路径。本研究还对我国福利政策制定的理论基础进行了微观讨论。
Due to institutional constraints, migrant workers' urban employment has always been excluded from urban welfare. Based on the life history theory, this study uses the case study method to discuss the life course of migrant workers' employment in urban areas under the background of welfare loss. The analysis shows that the demand for employment benefits of migrant workers in urban areas shows the sprouting of welfare benefits caused by the dilution of income effect in the pre-employment period, the limited increase in income in the middle period and the improvement of welfare benefits, and the lack of post-welfare benefits the life cycle of urban integration into chain breakage. Welfare needs change is the gradual rationalization of income of migrant workers to seek their own stage under the conditions of the lack of employment benefits. In view of the complexity of the urban labor market in our country and taking into account the practical urgency of the welfare needs of the migrant workers, it is necessary to advance the supply of welfare services in phases and in different phases with the most demand-driven welfare projects as the breakthrough point. This study also carried out a micro discussion on the theoretical basis of China's welfare policy formulation.