马化龙为清末同治年间宁夏回民起义的主要领导人 ,曾以金积堡为中心 ,联合陕西、甘肃回民军给清朝以沉重打击。此文根据新发现的资料 ,对学术界传统的马化龙受抚与被害说提出质疑 ,即马化龙并非时叛时降 ,而是同治四年只受抚过一次 ,后因左宗棠残酷屠杀 ,又激起反叛。同时马化龙也并非“凌迟处死” ,而是被左宗棠派人暗杀 Ma Hualong was the main leader of the Hui uprising in Ningxia during the Tongzhi period in the late Qing Dynasty. He took Jinjiabao as the center, and united the Shaanxi and Gansu Hui Muslims to deal heavy blows to the Qing Dynasty. Based on the newly discovered materials, this article questioned the traditional assassination and victimization of Ma Hualong in the academic circles. That is to say, Ma Hualong did not fall in disgrace when he rebelled. Instead, he was only asked once in four years with Tongzhi. After the brutal massacre of Zuo Zongtang, Aroused rebel. At the same time Ma Hualong is not “too late to be executed”, but was assassinated by Zuo Zongtang