牛蒡又名大力子、狗宝、黑根、黑萝卜等,为二年生菊科牛蒡属草本植物。其肉质根呈圆柱形,长60—120厘米,粗3—4厘米,表皮粗糙,黑褐色,肉质灰白色,稍粗硬。茎直立,高1.5米左右,粗壮,上部多分枝。基叶丛生,茎叶互生,广心脏形,全缘呈波状,表面绿色,背面密被白色茸毛,有长柄。头状花序簇生或呈伞房状,花冠呈管状紫红色。瘦果长圆形或卵形,灰黑色。 Burdock, also known as Kobayashi, dog treasure, black root, black radish, etc., for two years asher genus Arctium herb. Its fleshy root cylindrical, length 60-120 cm, 3-4 cm thick, rough skin, dark brown, fleshy gray, slightly harder. Stem erect, about 1.5 meters high, stout, the upper branches. Basal leaves clustered, stems and leaves alternate, wide heart-shaped, entire wavy, green surface, the back is dense white hair, long handle. Heads clustered or corymbose, corolla tubular purple. Achene oblong or ovate, gray-black.