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一、前言在金属切削加工中,由于刀具切削金属,使金属发生变形,在刀具和工件之间产生摩擦所生成的切削力和切削热,直接影响了刀具寿命、切削效率及工件表面质量。为改善上述诸因素,固然可以采用改进刀具材料及其几何形状等措施来解决。但是正确而科学地选用润滑冷却液也是十分重要。它可以有效地降低温度,减少摩擦,达到提高表面光洁度,延长刀具寿命和提高切削效率的目的。目前,在金属切削加工中常用的润滑冷却液大致有三类:第一类是油状切削液(纯矿物油、硫化切削油或矿物油加极性、极压添加剂)。它具有良好的润滑极压性,一般用于重载切削及精度要求较高的拉削、攻丝、齿轮加工等工序。第二类是透明型水剂,利用某些具有清洗缓蚀能力的无机盐(例如碳酸钠、亚硝酸钠、苯甲酸钠、三乙醇胺……等)配制而成。
I. Introduction In metal cutting, the cutting force and cutting heat generated by the friction between the tool and the workpiece directly affect the tool life, cutting efficiency and workpiece surface quality because the metal is cut by the cutting tool and the metal is deformed. To improve the above factors, of course, can improve the tool material and its geometry and other measures to solve. However, it is also important to choose the correct and scientific lubricant. It can effectively reduce the temperature, reduce friction, to improve the surface finish, to extend tool life and improve the cutting efficiency. At present, there are roughly three types of lubrication fluids commonly used in metal cutting: The first is the oily cutting fluid (pure mineral oil, sulfurized cutting oil or mineral oil plus polarity, extreme pressure additives). It has good lubrication extreme pressure, generally used for heavy cutting and precision of the higher broaching, tapping, gear processing and other processes. The second category is a clear type of water-based agent, the use of certain cleaning and corrosion inhibition of inorganic salts (such as sodium carbonate, sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate, triethanolamine ... ...) formulated.