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目的研究液氯储罐发生意外泄漏,估算液氯扩散的影响范围及人员的撤离距离,为事故应急处理及有毒物质风险管理提供科学依据。方法以ALOHA软件为分析工具,根据美国环境保护署(EPA)的危险管理计划(RMP)内容确定模拟分析的参数,对泄漏扩散进行量化分析。结果在RMP之最坏情形下,以氯气的LC_(50)、立即危害生命或健康浓度(IDLH)和最高容许浓度(MAC)为毒性终点,泄漏影响距离分别为561、2200和8800m。在替代情形下,泄漏孔径较小(0.5 cm)而毒性终点相同时,氯气的扩散距离与风速成反比;而泄漏孔径较大时,氯气的扩散距离与风速成正比。结论对液氯等储罐泄漏扩散后果模拟分析,ALOHA软件是一种较好的分析工具,可用于指导工业企业制订危险物品在生产、使用及运输过程中应急救援计划的编制及风险分析。
Objective To study the accidental leakage of liquid chlorine storage tank, estimate the influence range of liquid chlorine diffusion and the evacuation distance of personnel, and provide a scientific basis for accident handling and risk management of toxic substances. Methods Based on ALOHA software, the parameters of simulation analysis were determined according to the risk management plan (RMP) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the leakage spread was quantitatively analyzed. Results In the worst case of RMP, the LC50 of chlorine, IDLH and MAC were the end points of toxicity, and the leakage influence distances were 561, 2200 and 8800 m respectively. In the alternative, when the leakage aperture is small (0.5 cm) and the endpoint of toxicity is the same, the diffusion distance of chlorine is inversely proportional to the wind speed; while the larger the leakage aperture, the diffusion distance of chlorine is proportional to the wind speed. Conclusions The simulation analysis of the leakage and dispersion of liquid chlorine storage tank is a good analytical tool that can be used to guide industrial enterprises to formulate the preparation and risk analysis of emergency rescue plan in the process of production, use and transportation of dangerous goods.