Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the biliary system that can be classified into intrahepatic(i CCA),perihiliar(ph CCA) and distal. Initial experiences with orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) for patientswith i CCA and ph CCA had very poor results and this treatment strategy was abandoned. In the last decade,thanks to a strict selection process and a neoadjuvant chemoradiation protocol,the results of OLT for patients with non-resectable phC CA have been shown to be excellent and this strategy has been extended worldwide in selected transplant centers. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a growing disease in most countries and can be diagnosed both in cirrhotic and in non-cirrhotic livers. Even though OLT is contraindicated in most centers,recent investigations analyzing patients that were transplanted with a misdiagnosis of HCC and were found to have an iC CA have shown encouraging results. There is some information suggesting that patients with early stages of the disease could benefit from OLT. In this review we analyze the current stateof-the-art of OLT for cholangiocarcinoma as well as the new insights and future perspectives. Initial experiences with othotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for patients with i CCA and ph CCA had very poor results and this treatment strategy was abandoned. In the last decade, thanks to a strict selection process and a neoadjuvant chemoradiation protocol, the results of OLT for patients with non-resectable phC CA have been shown to be excellent and this strategy has been extended worldwide in selected transplant centers. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a growing disease in most countries and can be diagnosed both in cirrhotic and in non-cirrhotic livers. Even though OLT is contraindicated in most centers, recent investigations analyzing patients that were transplanted with a misdiagnosis of HCC and were found to have an iC CA have shown encouraging results. There is some information suggesting that patients with early stages of the disease c ould benefit from OLT. In this review we analyze the current stateof-the-art of OLT for cholangiocarcinoma as well as the new insights and future perspectives.