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电主轴高速运转状态下承受切削载荷时的动态特性对电主轴加工效率和加工质量具有重要且直接的影响,但迄今针对该工况下主轴动态特性的设计方法欠系统深入研究。文中提出了基于加载状态下动态特性预测的电主轴结构参数优化的思想。基于模态理论和有限元法,建立了高速电主轴系统高速状态下受不平衡力和外加载荷的动力学模型;利用该模型定量研究了主轴跨距、电机转子外径等结构参数对电主轴静刚度、临界转速和动态挠曲线的影响规律;提出了具体的参数优化途径,研究证实了所提出优化方法的有效性。
The dynamic characteristics of the spindle at high speed under cutting load have an important and direct impact on the machining efficiency and machining quality of the spindle. However, the design method of the spindle dynamic characteristics under this condition has not been systematically studied. In this paper, the idea of optimizing the structural parameters of the spindle based on the dynamic characteristics of the loaded state is proposed. Based on the modal theory and the finite element method, the dynamic model of high-speed spindle system subjected to unbalanced load and applied load at high speed was established. The model was used to quantitatively study the influence of structural parameters such as spindle span, The static stiffness, the critical speed and the dynamic deflection curve are analyzed. The way of parameter optimization is put forward, and the validity of the proposed optimization method is verified.