随着免疫缺陷人群的不断扩大和抗真菌药物的广泛使用,包括毛霉病在内的少见侵袭性真菌感染的发病率日益增高。既往毛霉的鉴定以传统表型鉴定为主,近年分子测序技术的广泛应用,毛霉的鉴定与分类均发生较大变化,新的病原真菌不断被报告,引发关注。传统的毛霉病临床进展迅速,具有较强的血管侵袭性,引起局部组织坏死,死亡率居高不下,而以慢性肉芽肿为主要表现的皮肤型毛霉病和易误诊为结核的慢性肺毛霉病作为临床的新类型更值得关注。毛霉病的分子快速诊断仍然停留于实验室研究,以MALDI-TOF MS为代表的微生物鉴定技术则日趋成熟,有望用于毛霉病的实验室快速鉴定。艾沙康唑是毛霉病治疗领域值得关注的抗真菌新药。 With the expanding population of immunodeficient people and the widespread use of antifungal agents, the incidence of rare invasive fungal infections, including moth mildew, is on the rise. Previous identification of Mucor was based on traditional phenotyping. In recent years, molecular sequencing techniques have been widely used. Mucor identification and classification have undergone major changes. New pathogenic fungi have been reported and attracted much attention. The traditional clinical progress of Mucor is rapid, with strong vascular invasion, causing local tissue necrosis, high mortality, while the chronic granuloma as the main performance of the skin type and susceptible to misdiagnosis of tuberculosis chronic lung Mucor is worth more attention as a new clinical type. Rapid molecular diagnosis of Mucor still remains in laboratory research. The identification of microorganisms, represented by MALDI-TOF MS, is becoming more and more mature and is expected to be used in rapid laboratory identification of Mucor. Isaconazole is an interesting antifungal drug in the field of the treatment of mucor.